Treatment | 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid | physical function | reproductive function | physiological function | healthspan biomarkers | lifespan | Transcriptome | Proteome | Metabolome | Target | Reference | blinded |
CID (PubChem) | 73398 | chEMBL | | | | | pharyngeal pumping | | | | locomotion on solid media | | | | duration of defecation cycles | | | | number of offspring | | | | speed of larval development | | | | quantity of dauer formation | | | | oxidative stress resistance | | | | quantity of carbonylated proteins | | | | ROS level | | | | quantity of β-Amyloid | | | | activity / quantity / expression of CTLs | | | | proteasomal activity | | | | translocation of SKN-1 to nucleus | | | | mean lifespan | | | | | | | | | |
Concentration | Exposure time | Food | Growth medium | Special additives | C. elegans strain | Temperature | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | | | | | | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | down | -0,6 | no | A1 | | | | | up | 3,8 | no | A1 | up | 4,3 | no | | down | -3,1 | yes | | | | | | none | | no | A5; stressor: 2 mM paraquat; from A5: UV-killed OP50; endpoint: survival; in addition: stress-test with 80 mM juglone at A1 with similar result | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up | 17,3 | yes | | A3; upregulation of gst-4, pbs-1, pbs-2, and pbs-5 | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | N2 (wild type) | 27°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up | 300 | no | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
10 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | down | -5,9 | no | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
100 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up | 11,8 | yes | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: egg stage | OP50 | NGM agar | | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | down | -44 | yes | 72h-treatment; 48h and 96h treatment: -18% and -40%, resp. | down | | no | A1; superoxide anion production | | | | | up | | yes | A1 | up | | yes | A1; significant for 20S and 30S/26S complex and for CT-L & T-L, but not for PGPH (PGPH = peptidylglutamyl peptide hydrolyzing, T-L = trypsin-like, CT-L = chymotrypsin-like proteolytic activities ) | | | | | | | | | | A1; up-regulation of PAS-1-7, PBS-5, RPT-6, p-P38 | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: egg stage | OP50 | NGM agar | | EU1 [skn-1(zu67)/nT1 [unc-?(n754) let-?]] | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | down | | no | A1; CT-L proteasome activity | | | | | | | | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | EU1 [skn-1(zu67)/nT1 [unc-?(n754) let-?]] | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | none | | no | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | EU1 [skn-1(zu67)/nT1 [unc-?(n754) let-?]], heterozygous | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up | 50 | yes | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | EU31 [skn-1(zu135)/nT1 [unc-?(n754) let-?]] | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | down | -7,7 | no | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | EU31 [skn-1(zu135)/nT1 [unc-?(n754) let-?]], heterozygous | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up | 45,5 | yes | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | EU40 [skn-1(zu129)/nT1[unc-?(n754) let-?]] | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up | 4,3 | no | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | EU40 [skn-1(zu129)/nT1[unc-?(n754) let-?]], heterozygous | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up | 50 | yes | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | CL2006 {dvIs2 [pCL12(unc-54/human Abeta peptide 1-42 minigene) + pRF4]} | 20°C | | | | | up | 26,8 | yes | A1; paralysis assay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up | 18,2 | yes | | | A6; upregulation of PAS-1-7, PBS-5, RPT-6, RPN-12 | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | LD001 {ldIs007 [skn-1p::SKN-1::gfp]; pRF4 [rol-6(su1006gf)]} | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up | 8,3 | yes | A2 | | | | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | unknown strain; genotype: [{[Pvha-6::UIM2-ZsProSensor]} | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up | | n.d. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | DR26 [daf-16(m26)] | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | down | -9 | yes | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | CL4176 {smg-1(cc546); dvIs27 [myo-3p::A-Beta (1-42)::let-851 3'UTR) + rol-6(su1006)]} | 16°C | | | | | up | 3,1 | yes | A3; temperature upshift to 25°C for 24h prior measurement; paralysis assay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | down | | yes | A2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | HT115 (DE3) with RNAi-vector against pbs-5 | NGM agar | | CL4176 {smg-1(cc546); dvIs27 [myo-3p::A-Beta (1-42)::let-851 3'UTR) + rol-6(su1006)]} | 16°C | | | | | down | -3 | no | A3; temperature upshift to 25°C for 24h prior measurement; paralysis assay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | down | | yes | A2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | HT115 (DE3) | NGM agar | | CL4176 {smg-1(cc546); dvIs27 [myo-3p::A-Beta (1-42)::let-851 3'UTR) + rol-6(su1006)]} | 16°C | | | | | up | 6,1 | yes | A3; temperature upshift to 25°C for 24h prior measurement; paralysis assay | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | down | | yes | A2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | | CL2331 {dvIs37 [myo-3p::GFP::A-Beta (3-42) + rol-6(su1006)]} | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | down | | yes | A2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | HT115 (DE3) with RNAi-vector against pbs-5 | NGM agar | | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | none | | no | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | HT115 (DE3) with RNAi-vector against skn-1 | NGM agar | | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up | 2,5 | no | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |
20 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | HT115 (DE3) | NGM agar | | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | up | 6,3 | yes | | | | | | Papaevgeniou, N., Sakellari, M., Jha, S., Tavernarakis, N., Holmberg, C. I., Gonos, E. S., & Chondrogianni, N. (2016). 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid proteasome activator decelerates aging and Alzheimer's disease progression in caenorhabditis elegans and neuronal cultures. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 25(16), 855-869. | |