| Treatment | Holothuria leucospilota, ethanol extract | physical function | physiological function | healthspan biomarkers | lifespan | Transcriptome | Proteome | Metabolome | Target | Reference | blinded | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CID (PubChem) | ChEMBL | body length / growth rate | oxidative stress resistance | heat stress resistance | UV stress resistance | ROS level | autofluorescence (age pigment / lipofuscin) | mean lifespan | maximum lifespan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concentration | Exposure time | Food | Growth medium | Special additives | C. elegans strain | Temperature | change compared to control | percentage change compared to control | significant (p < 0.05) | notes | change compared to control | percentage change compared to control | significant (p < 0.05) | notes | change compared to control | percentage change compared to control | significant (p < 0.05) | notes | change compared to control | percentage change compared to control | significant (p < 0.05) | notes | change compared to control | percentage change compared to control | significant (p < 0.05) | notes | change compared to control | percentage change compared to control | significant (p < 0.05) | notes | change compared to control | percentage change compared to control | significant (p < 0.05) | notes | change compared to control | percentage change compared to control | significant (p < 0.05) | notes | ||||||
| 10 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUdR | N2 (wild type) | 25°C | down | -3.76 | no | up | 6.7 | n.d. | Kitisin T, Suphamungmee W, Meemon K (2019) Saponin-rich extracts from Holothuria leucospilota mediate lifespan extension and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-16. J Food Biochem 43, e13075. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUdR | N2 (wild type) | 25°C | down | -1.25 | no | up | 6.7 | n.d. | Kitisin T, Suphamungmee W, Meemon K (2019) Saponin-rich extracts from Holothuria leucospilota mediate lifespan extension and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-16. J Food Biochem 43, e13075. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 500 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUdR | N2 (wild type) | 25°C | up | 2.2 | yes | up | 6.7 | n.d. | Kitisin T, Suphamungmee W, Meemon K (2019) Saponin-rich extracts from Holothuria leucospilota mediate lifespan extension and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-16. J Food Biochem 43, e13075. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1000 µg/ml | whole life; start: L4 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUdR | N2 (wild type) | 25°C | up | 7.76 | yes | up | 13.3 | n.d. | Kitisin T, Suphamungmee W, Meemon K (2019) Saponin-rich extracts from Holothuria leucospilota mediate lifespan extension and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-16. J Food Biochem 43, e13075. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 µg/ml | whole life; start: L1 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUdR | N2 (wild type) | 25°C | up | 7.56 | yes | up | 5.9 | n.d. | Kitisin T, Suphamungmee W, Meemon K (2019) Saponin-rich extracts from Holothuria leucospilota mediate lifespan extension and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-16. J Food Biochem 43, e13075. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 µg/ml | whole life; start: L1 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUdR | N2 (wild type) | 25°C | up | 4.19 | yes | up | 5.9 | n.d. | Kitisin T, Suphamungmee W, Meemon K (2019) Saponin-rich extracts from Holothuria leucospilota mediate lifespan extension and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-16. J Food Biochem 43, e13075. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 500 µg/ml | whole life; start: L1 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUdR | N2 (wild type) | 25°C | up | 4.94 | yes | up | 5.9 | n.d. | Kitisin T, Suphamungmee W, Meemon K (2019) Saponin-rich extracts from Holothuria leucospilota mediate lifespan extension and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-16. J Food Biochem 43, e13075. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1000 µg/ml | whole life; start: L1 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUdR | N2 (wild type) | 25°C | up | 7.94 | yes | up | 5.9 | n.d. | Kitisin T, Suphamungmee W, Meemon K (2019) Saponin-rich extracts from Holothuria leucospilota mediate lifespan extension and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-16. J Food Biochem 43, e13075. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 µg/ml | whole life; start: L1 | OP50 | NGM agar | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | none | no | A4, A8 | up | variable | A1; stressor: 250 mM paraquat; endpoint: survival | up | variable | A1; stressor: 35°C for 4h; endpoint: survival | up | variable | A1; stressor: UV; endpoint: survival | none | no | A1; measured via H2DCF-DA | down | yes | A4, A8; blue fluorescence | A1; downregulation of daf-16 | Kitisin T, Suphamungmee W, Meemon K (2019) Saponin-rich extracts from Holothuria leucospilota mediate lifespan extension and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-16. J Food Biochem 43, e13075. | no | ||||||||||||||||||
| 500 µg/ml | whole life; start: L1 | OP50 | NGM agar | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | up | yes | A4, A8 | up | yes | A1; stressor: 250 mM paraquat; endpoint: survival | up | yes | A1; stressor: 35°C for 4h; endpoint: survival | up | yes | A1; stressor: UV; endpoint: survival | none | no | A1; measured via H2DCF-DA | down | yes | A4, A8; blue fluorescence | A1; upregulation of daf-16, sod-3,hsp-12.3; downregulation of daf-2, akt-1 | Kitisin T, Suphamungmee W, Meemon K (2019) Saponin-rich extracts from Holothuria leucospilota mediate lifespan extension and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via daf-16. J Food Biochem 43, e13075. | no | ||||||||||||||||||