Treatment | Buckwheat trypsin inhibitor (recombinant) | physical function | physiological function | healthspan biomarkers | lifespan | Transcriptome | Proteome | Metabolome | Target | Reference | blinded | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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CID (PubChem) | ChEMBL | pharyngeal pumping | oxidative stress resistance | activity / quantity / expression of SODs | activity / quantity / expression of CTLs | GSH level | AMP:ATP ratio | ROS level | triglyceride / fat / lipid content | oxygen consumption rate (OCR) | phosphofructokinase activity | lipase activity | hexokinase activity | pyruvate kinase activity | level of autophagy | translocation of DAF-16 to nucleus | mean lifespan | maximum lifespan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concentration | Exposure time | Food | Growth medium | Special additives | C. elegans strain | Temperature | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | Change compared to control | Percentual change compared to control | p < 0.05 | notes | ||||||
2.5 µM | whole life; start: L4/A1 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUDR | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | up | 7.51 | yes | up | 4.78 | n.d. | Li J, Cui X, Wang Z, Li Y (2015) rBTI extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan by mimicking calorie restriction. Exp Gerontol 67, 62-71. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 µM | whole life; start: L4/A1 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUDR | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | up | 15.61 | yes | up | 11.40 | n.d. | Li J, Cui X, Wang Z, Li Y (2015) rBTI extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan by mimicking calorie restriction. Exp Gerontol 67, 62-71. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 µM | whole life; start: L4/A1 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUDR | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | none | no | A1/A2 | up | 16.30 | yes | A6; stressor: 240 μM juglone; endpoint: mean survival; 23.20 % increase in maximum survival | variable | yes | increased by 154 % in A1; decreased by -25.3 % in A2, by -60.3 in A3, by -29.4 in A4, and by -12.5 in A7 | variable | yes | increased by 49 % in A1 and by 12.9 % in A2; decreased by -32.8 % in A3, by -18.7 in A4, and by -16.7 in A7 | variable | yes | increased by 29 % in A1, by 38.4 % in A2, and by 95.2 % in A3; decreased by -39.5 in A4 and by -41.8 in A7 | up | 57.00 | yes | A2 | variable | yes | increased by 60 % in A1; decreased by -38 % in A3, -20 % in A4, and -20 % in A7; no significant change in A2; measured via H2-DCF-DA | down | -15.40 | yes | measured via oil red | up | 25.00 | yes | A1 | down | -47.6 | yes | young adults | up | 28.00 | yes | young adults | down | -7.90 | yes | young adults | up | yes | young adults | up | n.d. | up | 23.70 | yes | up | 16.54 | n.d. | down-regulation of daf-2, age-1, akt-1, and genes involved in glycolytic metabolism (Y71H10A.1, C50F4.2, F25H5.3, and ZK593.1); up-regulation of daf-16, sod-3, lipl-4, and gsh-px | insulin/IGF-1 signaling | Li J, Cui X, Wang Z, Li Y (2015) rBTI extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan by mimicking calorie restriction. Exp Gerontol 67, 62-71. | |||||||||||||||||
10 µM | whole life; start: L4/A1 | OP50 | NGM agar | 1 mM NAC, FUDR | N2 (wild type) | 20°C | up | 7.83 | no | up | 1.02 | n.d. | Li J, Cui X, Wang Z, Li Y (2015) rBTI extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan by mimicking calorie restriction. Exp Gerontol 67, 62-71. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 µM | whole life; start: L4/A1 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUDR | CF1038 [daf-16(mu86)] | 20°C | up | 8.78 | no | up | 6.56 | n.d. | Li J, Cui X, Wang Z, Li Y (2015) rBTI extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan by mimicking calorie restriction. Exp Gerontol 67, 62-71. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 µM | whole life; start: L4/A1 | OP50 | NGM agar | TJ356 {zIs356 [daf-16p::daf-16a/b::GFP + rol-6(su1006)]} | 20°C | up | n.d. | Li J, Cui X, Wang Z, Li Y (2015) rBTI extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan by mimicking calorie restriction. Exp Gerontol 67, 62-71. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 µM | whole life; start: L4/A1 | OP50 | NGM agar | DA2123 {adls2122 [lgg-1p::GFP::lgg-1 + rol-6(su1006)]} | 20°C | Li J, Cui X, Wang Z, Li Y (2015) rBTI extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan by mimicking calorie restriction. Exp Gerontol 67, 62-71. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 µM | whole life; start: L4/A1 | OP50 | NGM agar | FUDR | DR1572 [daf-2(e1368)] | 20°C | none | no | A1; measured via H2-DCF-DA | up | 1.15 | no | up | 1.08 | n.d. | Li J, Cui X, Wang Z, Li Y (2015) rBTI extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan by mimicking calorie restriction. Exp Gerontol 67, 62-71. |